The Perils of PFAS and Microplastics

Synthetic chemicals and pollutants are all around us. They are in the air we breathe, the furniture we sit on, the rugs we walk on, the cars we drive, the pans we cook with, the food we eat and the household products we use regularly.

PFAS and microplastics are two types of environmental contaminants that have recently gained attention because of their persistence in the environment and potential health risks. PFAS are a class of compounds used to make products resistant to water, heat and stains. Also called “forever chemicals,” they don’t break down and have been found in humans and the environment worldwide. Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that are either manufactured that way or result from larger plastics breaking down. Although chemically different, both PFAS and microplastics are harmful to humans and the planet.

There are thousands of PFAS in the United States, each with different names, properties and uses. Researchers are developing methods to measure PFAS in air, water, groundwater, wastewater and soil. PFAS have a very strong bond between carbon and fluorine atoms, which makes them difficult to destroy. They build up in the environment and can potentially persist indefinitely. Despite increasing government regulation, PFAS have been linked to a growing list of health issues, including thyroid disease, high cholesterol, cancer, liver damage and kidney disease.

Microplastics are categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary microplastics are small particles manufactured for use in cosmetics, toothpaste, detergents, paints and fertilizers. Secondary microplastics result from the breakdown over time of larger plastics, such as bottles and bags. Microplastics move easily through bodies of water and soil and accumulate in ecosystems. They are ingested at the bottom of the food chain, and this contamination travels up to humans. Microplastics have now been found throughout the human body, including the brain. According to the World Economic Forum, studies indicate microplastics may increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and Alzheimer’s.

The negative effects of PFAS and microplastics on human health are still being researched. Although it is difficult to avoid these contaminants entirely, there are steps you can take to minimize exposure:

• Shop with reusable bags
• Heat and store food in glass or stainless-steel containers
• Avoid plastic bottles, opt for stainless steel or glass instead
• Filter your tap water
• Avoid stain-resistant and water-resistant carpets and furniture
• Avoid cosmetics, toothpaste, dental floss and other beauty products that contain microplastics
  • Look for ingredient red flags like PTFE, perfluoro or polyfluoro and choose products with simple ingredient lists
  • Be especially mindful of products labeled waterproof, water-resistant or long-wear
• Avoid nonstick cookware, and choose stainless steel, cast iron or PFAS-free ceramics
• Use non-toxic cleaning products such as vinegar or baking soda
• Wear clothing made from natural fibers rather than synthetic

Although it is difficult to completely eliminate exposure to PFAS and microplastics, small efforts made now can help. Choose one or two items from the list above to get started today!

About the author

Caitlin Kemmerer

Ms. Caitlin Kemmerer has been a fitness staff member and group fitness instructor at USLI's Slainte Fitness Center since 2004. Caitlin enjoys playing paddle tennis, tennis, hiking, walking her golden retriever and spending time with her family.